This study examines the impact of uncertainty factors on ecological footprint. The main objective is to assess the influence of globalization uncertainty, urbanization rate, hydropower energy consumption, trade, and per capita income on Iran's ecological footprint from 1979 to 2023. The fuzzy regression model and MATLAB software were used for data analysis. Results at a membership degree of 0.9 (uncertainty conditions) show that the urbanization growth rate has a significant effect on the ecological footprint. The average width for this variable is small, but the right and left uncertainty widths are high. For hydropower energy consumption, the average width indicates a considerable positive impact on the ecological footprint, yet the differences between the right and left widths show uncertainty in this effect. Regarding the globalization index, the stability of width values (0.114) indicates a consistent positive effect with high certainty. In contrast, trade has a near-zero effect on the ecological footprint, with small width values indicating the negligible role of this variable. Additionally, per capita production has a positive effect with high certainty; the stability of width values (0.109) reflects the model's high confidence in this variable. Based on the findings, globalization and per capita production have the most significant positive effects with high certainty. Hydropower energy consumption has a positive impact but with uncertainty, while urbanization growth rate and trade have negligible effects. The results emphasize that the model should focus on variables with high positive impact and certainty.