Rafsanjan plain in Kerman province, which is located in the arid and semi-arid region of Iran, is one of the oldest regions in the country in the field of economic pistachio cultivation, and the majority of the economy of the residents of these areas is directly dependent on pistachio crop cultivation. Indiscriminate extraction of underground water resources, mainly for the consumption of the agricultural sector and pistachio crops, has caused a sharp decrease in the quantity and quality of underground water in the region. The quantitative and qualitative reduction of underground water as the only reliable source of water in the region has caused a decrease in the area under cultivation, the amount of production and productivity of the agricultural sector as the main source of the region's economy, and many economic, social and environmental consequences. Considering the vital importance of water in the Rafsanjan Plain, in this research, the quantitative and qualitative changes (EC) of water in this area in the last two decades have been investigated and studied. Information has been collected through interviews with experts and analysis of data available in the relevant departments. The results of the study show that along with the increase in the drilling and exploitation of wells, the underground water level has decreased, the depth of the wells and the water level have increased, and the water quality has also decreased.