Investigation irrigation water application and amount depth effect using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system on yield and macro element concentration in the pistachio leaves

According to the reduction in the quantity and quality of water resources, the use of high-efficiency drip irrigation system is inevitable. A limitation of this method is the use of unusual water. For example, in surface drip irrigation, remaining salt after evaporation is caused the eclipse. While in subsurface drip irrigation, because of less evaporation from the soil, eclipse is minimized. In the subsurface irrigation methods, due to reducing water evaporation, plant water needs can be reduced. To investigate irrigation system in pistachio garden, pistachio gardens in Koshkooyieh village (Rafsanjan city) was selected  and plan design that consists of two tube insertion depth (50 and 70 cm) and three consumption Water level (50% I1 =, 75% I2 = 100 % I3 = water requirement) with three replications were assembled. To feed Pistachio trees, fertilization was done simultaneous with subsurface irrigation pipe installation. The type and amount of needed fertilizers were calculated according soil test and added to each treatment with organic materials using placement in-depth approach. Four years results of the study indicated that the average irrigation water were calculated 2050, 3065 and 4010 cubic meters per hectare per year for treatments I1, I2 and I3 respectively. Each year, the performance of the each treatment during test was measured using scales with an accuracy of 1kg. In years that tests were done, samples of the leaves were gathered and the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in these samples were determined. During of the project, there was no significant difference between the performances of each tree under treatment in none of years. Nutrients concentrations in the leaves of trees indicated that any significant changes did not accrued. in nutrient concentrations in leaf samples.