بررسی گسترش جبهه‌رطوبتی خاک از منبع نقطه‌ای در خاک‌های مطبق افقی و عمودی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی آب دانشگاه آزاد قائمشهر

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائم شهر

3 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه کردستان / دانشکده کشاورزی / گروه مهندسی آب

4 گروه آب و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

از عوامل اصلی تأثیرگذار بر الگوی خیس­شدگی خاک، شیب زمین، بافت خاک، دبی قطره­چکان و حجم آب­آبیاری می­باشد. برای بررسی تأثیر این عوامل آزمایش­ها در 4 گروه متفاوت از خاک­های نا­همگن با 3 لایه متفاوت که 2 گروه با خاک­های مطبق افقی و 2 گروه با خاک­های مطبق عمودی در 3 شیب­ 0، 10 و20 درصد، با دبی­های 2، 4 و 8 لیتر بر ساعت و برای حجم آب ثابت 24 لیتر انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار حداکثر شعاع جبهه­رطوبتی از 33 الی 109 سانتی­متر و عمق جبهه­رطوبتی در زیر قطره­چکان از 39 الی 71 سانتی­متر متغیر بوده است. بیشترین افزایش در حداکثر شعاع خیس­شده مربوط به خاک مطبق افقی با لایه با بافت سنگین در بالا می­باشد. عمق خیس­شدگی در زیر قطره­چکان، با افزایش شیب مقدار کمی کاهش پیدا می­کند. بیشترین عمق ­نفوذ برای خاک مطبق عمودی با لایه میانی با بافت سبک و دو لایه­ اطراف با بافت سنگین می­باشد. با افزایش دبی در شرایط برابر از مقدار مساحت جبهه­رطوبتی کاسته می­گردد. در آزمایش­های انجام شده بیشترین درصد مساحت جبهه­­رطوبتی پایین­دست قطره­چکان در دبی 8 لیتر در ساعت و با شیب 20 درصد بین 74 الی 78 درصد می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the Expansion of Wetting Front from a Point Source in Vertically and Horizontally Layered Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naser Ramzanian azizi 1
  • Askari Tashakkori 2
  • Eisa Maroufpoor 3
  • Samad Emamgholizadeh 4
1 Ph.D student
2 Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch
3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan
4 Professor, Water and Environmental Engineering, Collage of Civil Engineering, , Shahrood University of Technology, Iran
چکیده [English]

Land slope, soil texture, emitter flow rate and volume of irrigation water are among the main factors that influence the shape of the wetting front in the soil. The experiments were conducted in four different groups of heterogeneous three-layered soils, two of which were horizontally layered and two vertically layered, at three slopes (0, 10 and 20%) and three emitter flow rates (2, 4 and 8 L/h) with a constant volume of irrigation water (24 L). The results revealed that the maximum value of the wetting front radius in the experiments varied from 33 to 109 cm whereas the values for the wetting front depth under the emitter were in the 39-71 cm range. The highest increase in the maximum wetting front radius belonged to the horizontally layered soil with the heavy layer at the top. The wetting front depth under the emitter slightly decreased with increases in slope. The maximum infiltration depth was that of the vertically layered soil with a light-textured middle layer and heavy-textured top and bottom layers. When other conditions were kept constant, the percentage of the wetted area Was decreased with increases in the emitter flow rate. The highest percentages of the wetted area downstream of the emitter varied from 74 to 78 percent at flow rate of 8 L/h and 20% slope.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wetting Front
  • Horizontally Layered Soil
  • Vertically Layered Soil
  • Sloping Surface
  • Point Source
 
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