نادری ن.، فضلاولی ر.، ضیاتبار احمدی م.خ.، شاهنظری ع. و خاوریخراسانی س. (1394). بررسی اثر روشهای مختلف کم-آبیاری بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب ذرت علوفههای. نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران، 3(6): 531-523.
Alexandratos, N. and Bruinsma, J. 2012. World Agriculture Towards 2030/ 2050: the 2012 Revision. doi: 10.22004/ag.econ.288998.
Andrenelli, M.C. Maienza, A. Genesio, L. Miglietta, F. and Vignozzi, N. 2016. Field application of pelletized biochar: Short-term effect on the hydrological properties of a silty clay loam soil. Agricultural Water Management. 163: 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.09.017.
Ashoori, N. Teixido, M. and Spahr, S. 2019. Evaluation of pilot- scale biochar – amended woodchip bioreactors to remove nitrate, metals, and trace organic contaminants from urban stormwater runoff. Water Research. 154 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.040.
Brennan, A. Jiménez, E.M. Puschenreiter, M. Alburquerque, J.A. and Switzer, C. 2014. Effects of biochar amendment on root traits and contaminant availability of maize plants in a copper and arsenic impacted soil. Plant Soil. 379:351–360. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.014.
Bruun, E.W. Petersen, C.T. Hansen, E. Holm, J.K. and Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. 2014. Biochar amendment to coarse sandy subsoil improves root growth and increases water retention. Soil Use Manag. 30: 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12102.
Buss, W. Kammann, C. and Koyro H.W. 2012. Biochar Reduces Copper Toxicity in Chenopodium quinoa Willd in a Sandy Soil. Journal of Environmental Quality. 40: 1157-1165.
Donald, C.M. and Hamblin, J. 1976. The biological yield and harvest index of cereal. Advances in Agronimy. 28: 361-405. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0022.
Dong, QI. Tian-tian HU. Xue, S. 2020. Effects of nitrogen application rates and irrigation regimes on grain yield and water use efficiency of maize under alternate partial rootzone irrigation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 19(11): 2792–2806. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63205-1.
Guo, RU. Yang, L. Khaliq, A. and Ren, X. 2022. Interactive Effects of Maize Straw-Derived Biochar and N Fertilization on Soil Bulk Density and Porosity, Maize Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Arid Areas. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 22: 4566-4586.
Herath, H. Camps-Arbestain, M. and Hedley, M. 2013. Effect of Biochar on Soil Physical Properties in Two Contrasting Soils: An Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma. 209-210: 188-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.016.
Jovanovic, Z. Stikic, R. Vucelic-Radovic, B. Paukovic, M. Brocic, Z. Matovic, G.S. Rovcanin, S. and Mojevic, M. 2010. Partial root-zone drying increases WUE, N and antioxidant content in field potatoes. European Journal of Agronomy. 33: 124-131. dio.org/10.1016/j.eja.2010.04.003
Kang, S. and Zhang, J. 2004. Controlled alternate root zone Irrigation. Its’ Physiological Consequences Impact on Water use efficiency. J. Experimental Botany. 55(407): 2437-2446. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh249.
Kirda, C. Topcu, S. Cetin, M. Dasgan, H.Y. Kaman, H. Topaloglu, F. Derici, M.R. and Ekici, B. 2007. Prospects of partial root zone drying for increasing water use efficiency of major crops in the Mediterranean region. Annuals of Applied Biology. 150:281-291. doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007.00141.x.
Leng, l. Huang, H. Li, H. Li, J. and Zhou, W. 2019. Biochar stability assessment methods; review. Science of the Total Environment. 647: 210-222. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.402
Liu, F. Shahnazari, A. Andersen, M.N. Jacobsen S.E. and Jensen, C.R. 2006. Effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root drying (PRD) on gas exchange, biomass partitioning, and water use efficiency in potato. Sci Horti. 109: 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.04.004.
Liu, X. Manevski, K. Liu, F. and Andersen, M. N. 2022. Biomass accumulation and water use efficiency of faba bean-ryegrass intercropping system on sandy soil amended with biochar under reduced irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 273: 107905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107905.
Ma, N. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. Yang, L. Yu, C. Tin, G. Diane, T.A. and Ma X. 2016. Biochar Improves Soil Aggregate Stability and Water Availability in a Mollisol after Three Years of Field Application. PLOS One. 11(5): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154091.
Majidian, M. Ghalavand, A, Karimian, N.A. and Kamkar Haghighi, A.A. 2008. Effects of nitrogen different amounts, manure and irrigation water on yield and yield components of corn. EJCP. 1 (2): 67-85 ]In Persian[.
Martinsen, V. Mulder, J. Shitumbanuma, V. Sparrevik, M. Børresen, T. and Cornelissen G. 2014. Farmer-led maize biochar trials: Plant Soil effect on crop yield and soil nutrients under conservation farming. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 177: 681–695. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201300590.
Ranum, P. Rosas, J. and Garcia, M. 2014. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. J Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ISSN 0077-8923. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12396.
Razzaghi, F Obour, P. and Arthur, E. 2020. Does biochar improve soil water retention? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geoderma. 361: 114055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114055.
Sarker, K.k. Hussain, A. Timsina, J. Biswas, S.K. Malone, S.L. Alam, M.K. and Bazzaz, M. 2020. Alternate furrow irrigation grain yield and nutrient content and increase crop water productivity in dry season maize in sub- tropical climate of South Asia. Agricultural Water managed. 238: 106229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106229.
Sepehri, A. Modarres sanavi, A. Ghareh Riazi, B. and Iamini, I. 2002. Effect of water defecit and different nitrogen rate ongrowth and development stages, yield and yield component of maize. J of Olume Zeraee Iran. 4 (3): 184-195]In Persian[.
Sun, C.X. Chen, X. Cao, M.M. Li, M.Q. Zhang, Y.L. 2017. Growth and metabolic responses of maize roots to straw biochar application at different rates. Plant life and Environment Dynamics. DOI 10.1007/s11104-017-3229-6.
Vaccaria, F.P. Barontia, s. Lugato, E. Genesio, L. Gastaldi, S. Fornasier, F. Migliettaa, F.2011. Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. European Journal of Agronomy. 34. 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2011.01.006.
Vaccaria, F.P., Maienza, A., Barontia, S., Migliettaa, F., Lonardoa, S. Di, Giagnonic, L., Lagomarsinod, A., Pozzie, A., Pusceddua, E., Ranierif, R., Valboad G and Genesioa L.2015. Biochar stimulates plant growth but not fruit yield of processing tomato in a fertile soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 207:163–170. doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.015.
Wang, C. Shu, L. Zhou, S. Yu, H. and Zhu, P. 2019. Effect of alternative Partial root-zone irrigation on the utilization of and movement of nitrates in Soil by tomato plants. Sci Hortic. 243: 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.006.
Wu, Y. Du, T. Li, F. Li, S. Ding, R. and Tong, L. 2015. Quantification of maize water uptake from different layers and root zones under alternate furrow irrigation using stable oxygen isotope. Agricultural Water Management. 168: 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.013.
Yazar, A. Gokcel, F. Sezen, M.S. 2009. Corn yield response to partial root zone drying and deficit irrigation strategies applied with drip system. Plant, Soil Environment. 55(11): 494-503. https://doi.org/10.17221/96/2009-PSE
1- Zegbe-Domingue, J.A. Behboudian, M.H. and Clothier, B.E. 2004. Partial root zone drying is a feasible option for irrigation processing tomatoes. Agric. Water Manage. 68:195-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.002.
2- Zhang, L. Sun, X. Tian, Y. and Gong, X. 2014. Biochar and humic acid amendments improve the quality of composted green waste as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Calathea insignis. Scientia Horticulturae. 176: 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.021.
