نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه یزد، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه یزد، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Water-centric thinking in water resources management and recognizing water as a purely economic commodity can create many challenges in a country's policies. But a holistic view, such as the Water-Energy-Food Nexus, sheds light on the multicentric nature of water resources management, and that consider each as a security commodity, not a purely economic one. The nexus approach pays equal attention to the security of all three parts and their interaction. Therefore, in this study, using the global database and global projects conducted to estimate the Nexus index, the results of Iran's output and position among 170 registered countries were analyzed. Also, the criteria are ranked by a Water-centric perspective using Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) and compared with project weights. Iran ranks 84th in the global nexus index, with the energy sector ranking 49th and the highest among other water and food sectors. According to studies, Iran is in the middle position, but some neighboring countries such as Turkey and the UAE are in the 54th and 52nd positions. Weight prioritization also showed that the water-centric perspective can underestimate the effect of important indicators.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
منظور، د. و ا. حقیقی. 1390. آثار اصلاح قیمت های انرژی بر انتشار آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی در ایران؛ مدل سازی تعادل عمومی محاسبه پذیر. محیط شناسی، دوره 37، شماره 60، ص 1-12.
موسوی رینه، س م. و ح. یوسفی. 1399. بررسی رد پای آب در تولید برق با تأکید بر انرژی های تجدیدپذیر. اکوهیدرولوژی، 7 دوره 7، شماره 4، ص 1007-1019.
Biggs, E.M., Bruce, E., Boruff, B., Duncan, J.M., Horsley, J., Pauli, N., Imanari, Y. 2015. Sustainable development and the water–energy–food nexus: A perspective on livelihoods. Environ. Sci. Pol. 54: 389–397.
Bongaarts, J. 2009. Human population growth and the demographic transition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 364:2985-2990. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0137
Daher, B., Lee, S.H, Kaushik, V., Blake, J., Askariyeh, M. H., Shafiezadeh, H., Zamaripa, S., and Mohtar, R. H. 2019. Towards bridging the water gap in Texas: A water-energy-food nexus approach. Science of The Total Environment, 647: 449–463
De Laurentiis, V., D.V.L. Hunt and C.D.F. Rogers. 2016. Overcoming Food Security Challenges within an Energy/Water/Food Nexus (EWFN) Approach. Sustainability 8(1): 95. doi: doi: 10.3390/su8010095
El-Gafy, I. 2017. Water–food–energy nexus index: analysis of water–energy–food nexus of crop’s production system applying the indicators approach. Appl Water Sci 7: 2857–2868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-017-0551-3
Hoff, H. 2011. Understanding the Nexus. Background Paper for the Bonn2011 Conference: The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm.
IRENA. 2015. Renewable Energy in the Water, Energy & Food Nexus. International Renewable Energy Agency.
Jalilov, S.M., Keskinen, M., Varis, O., Amer, S., Ward, F.A. 2016. Managing the water–energy–food nexus: gains and losses from new water development in Amu Darya River basin. J. Hydrol, 539: 648–661.
Madani, K., AghaKouchak, A. and A. Mirchi. 2016. Iran’s Socio-economic Drought: Challenges of a Water-Bankrupt Nation. Iranian Studies, 49(6): 997–1016.
Mirzaei, A., Saghafian, B., Mirchi, A., and K. Madani. 2019. The groundwater‒energy‒food nexus in Iran’s agricultural sector: implications for water security. Water, 11(9): 1835.
Mohtar, R.H. and B. Daher. 2012. Water, Energy, and Food: The Ultimate Nexus. Second Edition edition. Taylor & Francis.
National Intelligence Council. 2012. Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds.166
Norouzi, N. 2022. Presenting a conceptual model of water-energy-food nexus in Iran. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 4, 100119.
Scholes, B., M. Scholes and M. Lucas. 2015. Climate Change – Briefings from Southern Africa. Wits University Press, Johannesburg.
Spang, E.S., W.R. Moomaw, K.S. Gallagher, P.H. Kirshen and D.H. Marks. 2014. The water consumption of energy production: an international comparison. Environmental Research Letters, 9(10): 1-14.
UN Water. 2016. Integrated Monitoring Guide for SDG 6: Targets and global indicators. United Nations: Water.
UN World Water Assessment Programme. 2014. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2014: Water and Energy Volume 1, America. UNESCO, Paris.
White, D.J., Hubacek, K., Feng, K., Sun, L., Meng, B. 2018. The water-energy-food Nexus in East Asia: A tele-connected value chain analysis using inter-regional input-output analysis. Appl. Energy, 210: 550–567.
Willis, Henry H., David G. Groves, Jeanne S. Ringel, Zhimin Mao, Shira Efron, and Michele Abbott. 2016. Developing the Pardee RAND Food-Energy-Water Security Index: Toward a Global Standardized, Quantitative, and Transparent Resource Assessment. Santa Monica,CA: RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/tools/TL165.html.
World Bank. 2018. Indicators. Data. url: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/, Date accessed: 1 March
World Economic Forum. Water Security: The Water-Energy-Food-Climate Nexus. World Economic Forum.2011.
WRC Report, 2020, Development of Water-Energy-Food Nexus Index and Its Application to South Africa and the Southern African Development Community, No. 2959/1/19, ISBN No 978-0-6392-0113-9
Yuan, C., L. Guijun, Y. Yuan, Z. Lixiao and Y. Chang. 2016. Quantifying the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Current Status and Trends. Energies (19961073) 9(2):1-17. doi: 10.3390/en9020065
)