بررسی ردپای اکولوژیک آب و شاخص‌های آب مجازی در محصولات پسته و خرما در استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد،

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمان

چکیده

مشکل کمبود منابع آب و بارش یک واقعیت مهم و غیر قابل انکار در استان کرمان محسوب می‌شود. کل مصرف آب در داخل یک کشور به تنهایی معیار درستی از برداشت واقعی آب از منابع آب جهانی نیست. ردپای اکولوژیک آب شاخصی برای تعیین میزان مصرف واقعی آب است. لذا بررسی ردپای اکولوژیک آب و شاخص‌های آب مجازی محصولات استراتژیک می‌تواند در سیاست گذاری و برنامه ریزی بهینه منابع آب مفید باشد. بنابراین در این پژوهش جهت بررسی توانایی منطقه برای تامین آب مورد نیاز برای تولید داخلی، به محاسبه میزان ردپای اکولوژیک آب در محصولات کشاورزی استراتژیک استان (پسته و خرما) در سال 1388 پرداخته شد. در این تحقیق جهت انجام محاسبات از روش هوکسترا و هانگ و هوکسترا و همکاران استفاده شد. شاخص ردپای اکولوژیک آب استان در بخش کشاورزی 56/5 میلیارد متر مکعب تخمین زده شد که به ازاء هر نفر 2/2097 متر مکعب در سال است. استان کرمان صادر کننده آب مجازی شد و وابستگی استان به منابع آب خارجی بسیار کم بود. شاخص کم آبی یا شدت مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی 3/123 درصد از منابع آب تجدید شونده استان برآورد گردید که بنا به تعریف کمیسیون توسعه پایدار سازمان ملل اگر حجم مصرف آب در هر کشور بیشتر از 40 درصد کل منابع آب تجدید پذیر سالانه باشد آن کشور کم آب تلقی می‌شود، لذا استان کرمان کم آب تلقی می‌شود. بنابراین کاهش فشار وارده بر منابع آب داخلی، مستلزم بهره‌گیری بیشتر از استراتژی مبادله آب مجازی در واردات محصولات با نیاز آبی بالا به استان می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on Ecological Water Footprint and indicators of virtual water in Agricultural Section of Kerman Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aboolazl Gholamhossien pour jafari nejad 1
  • Amin Alizadeh 2
  • Ali Neshat 3
1 PhD Student of Water Engineering Department., Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor of Water Engineering Department., Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Water Engineering Department., Agricultural College, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

Shortage of water resources and rainfall is an undeniable reality in Kerman province. Total water use within a single country is not a proper measure for the actual harvest from the world's water resources. Water ecological footprint is an index to determine the actual amount of water consumption. Therefore, analyzing water ecological footprint and indices of strategic products virtual water are useful for optimal planning and programming of water resources. Thus, in the present study, ecological footprint of water in strategic agricultural products of Kerman province (pistachio and date) was calculated to investigate the ability of the region to meet the water requirements for domestic production. In this study, Hoekstra & Hung (2002) and Hoekstra et.al (2009) methods were used for calculations. Water ecological footprint index of the province in agriculture sector is estimated to be 5/56 billion cubic meters, which is 2097/2 cubic meters for each person yearly. Kerman province exports virtual water and has low dependence on external water resources. Water deficit index or intensity of water use in agriculture sector of the province is estimated to be 123/3 percent of all renewable water resources of the province. According to the definition of UN commission on sustainable development, once the volume of water used in each country is more than 40 percent of total annual renewable water resources, then the country in considered low water. Therefore, Kerman province is low water and reducing the pressure on domestic water resources of the province may require using more virtual water trade strategy in importing products with a high water requirement

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • virtual water
  • Pistachio
  • dates
  • water footprint
  • water scarcity
  • Water dependency
  • Kerman

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